How to Read a
Poem?
I will be up front with you from the very beginning here.
OK, I recognize that it
take a lot of work, and a lot of "how to" to read a poem. I mean, to really READ the poem and begin to figure out the depth of it.
That
is why many readers are so intimidated by a poem. In just a very few
short line, the entire universe can be explored. One little poem can discuss the
inner workings of a mind; the most
minute microscopic world.
A poem is an entire world. And, you, the reader, can enter into this
world and explore. Approach the poem you
are about to read as if you have stepped off an airplane and have entered a new
country. You are now on a journey!
One woman recently wrote me that she became "confused" and
"disoriented" when reading my
poem, “Eclipse.” I wrote the poem this month when I was contemplating the Eclipse of the sun and the New Moon - all happening in the night sky on one particular night. This was pretty exciting for me to think about. The poem I eventually worked out is a "found poem" that means I used texts from other sources combined with my own text.
I combined ideas of the amazing spectacle in the heavens, with imagery from my Zen Meditation Garden, mythology, and horticulture. In particular I chose to write about the special Japanese tree standing so nobly in the Zen Meditation Garden. Like the Eclipse and the New Moon, this tree was a living, moving, changing, and shifting form of LIFE. In fact, in April she dons her new PURPLE leaves, and by fall her colors will shift and change until they are a blazing FIESTA RED. Ah, kind of like the ECLIPSE and the Changing of the MOON?
I know, I know. Now, that is a lot of STUFF to have to consider. But then, the poem is a JOURNEY, of sorts, isn't it? Is not all of CREATION participating in the JOURNEY?
The message I received in my E-mail box brought a smile to my face, I have to say. I was so
amused with her terse comments, and the epilogue statement she made near the
end of her comments. She said “this is only my opinion.” That is always a red flag, when someone says "it is only MY opinion." I could imagine her turning up her nose at the thought of reading my poem and turning to walk away - putting an END to the conversation about my poem. She had judged it and found it unworthy of her further exploration.
What I really would
like to know is HOW she arrived at her opinion? What was her criteria for
deciding that the poem was disorienting and confusing to her? How did she make
an assessment? Her voice in the message was angry and it was as though I could
hear her saying she was really lost at sea when she read my poem, though she
did not use that phrase. It was clear to me that this is a person who has had
very little contact with difficult contemporary poetry. Her note to me has
inspired me to write this article today.
I
had to “sleep on it” before writing a reply to this lady. I did not want to
insult her, nor did I want to be condescending. I hope what I wrote to her is
helpful. But in reality, she will have to have a change in her attitude before
she will ever begin to “read” contemporary poems.
In part, I replied, “My poem evoked an
emotion in you and that is a start that is a good thing! You made my evening!”
This
kind of pseudo-critique that she wrote
to me is truly understandable.
Undergraduate students in my English Literature courses at Geneva College
(Beaver Falls, PA) often expressed a
frustration and even anger when they encountered difficult poetry. It was
always so much fun working with them and observing how they grow once they
begin to unpack the tools they need to have to really learn how to read a poem.
Learning how
to "read" a poem takes a great deal of effort and time.
The
primary necessity though, is DESIRE.
It takes a deep desire and a change of
attitude in how to approach something new to us. One little poem
can make us feel so uncomfortable and inadequate when approaching it if we have
not had experiences in learning HOW to READ the
poem.
There
are some fantastic books available for learning how to walk deeper into the waters
of learning how to explicate a poem.
Books
I used in the classroom for many years with students at the college is
Contemporary
American Poetry_
by Donald Hall
Writing
Dangerous Poetry
by Michael C. Smith.
There
are other great books on this subject. These are only two of the ones that I
used. Stop by your local book store and have a look at what is there on the
shelves in the POETRY section. Find what you think will be the right book for
you. You can also check with the on-line book sellers and find some GEMS there!
I saw amazing
results with the students and big attitude shifts once they began to learn the
methods of figuring out a poem.
Here are some keys
to
help you begin the HOURNEY on this path,
if you are sincere in wanting to really begin to understand as you read. I
wrote out a few things to consider, and a few question as to how you might
begin to consider those things.
Some KEYS are:
n Material used from other times and
persons.
Q. How did I describe the other
sources of material I used?
How are the sources combined
with my own text - that is called "appropriation."
Can you figure this out as you
read?
Can you figure out the different
voices of the texts, within the poem?
n Decenters authority and embraces
pluralism.
Q. Is this concept present in
the poem? How so?
n Encourages a many-sided point of
view.
Q. Does this throw you a curve,
as you are not accustomed to looking and listening to different points of view
within the poem?
Does this make you
uncomfortable?
If so, why is that?
n It is NOT didactic.
Q. Do you expect the poet to give
you a clear point of view?
Do you think the poem should
read like a Big Red stop sign when in
you are driving your car?
Are you looking for a very green light at the intersection?
Do you expect the poem to be a
type of billboard that gives you an instruction or promotes one particular
thing, image, or notion?
If so, discard that notion!
n Method and intuition replace
intention.
Q. Discard the notion
that the poet is giving you her motive or intention. Ask instead,
"What is the METHOD that was used in THIS poem?
HOW was it written?
How can I reach into myself to
get a glimpse of the intuition that I
need to have to understand something here?
What does my GUT say?
Think beyond didactic brain.
HOW do I FEEL when I am
reading this poem?
And, Why do I feel this way?
n Has no conclusion & doubles back
on itself with overlapping and sometimes contradictory versions.
Q. Where does the poem
overlap?
What ideas are changing as I
read? What is shifting here in the poem? How do the images here in
the poem work in layers of meaning? There are multiple layers and
multiple meanings in the poem - how can I begin to see them, one at a time?
Finally, how can I see them
mingling and changing?

